va tobacco commission Virginia Region Revitalization Virginia Tobacco Region Revitalization Commission

Confounding occurs when the factor of interest (secondhand smoke) is associated in the data under consideration with another factor (the confounder) that, by itself, increases the risk for the disease (Rothman and Greenland 1998)

The animal studies were approved by the Animal Experimental Ethical Committee of Fudan University (number: 2019 Huashan Hospital JS-112) and performed in accordance with the guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals set by Fudan University (Shanghai, China)

Philip Morris : Known for their Marlboro cigarettes, Philip Morris is a cigarette brand founded in 1847 that continues to dominate the tobacco industry even after numerous decades

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