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For use in vitamin B12 deficiency associated with cobalt deficiency in cattle and sheep and for vitamin B12 deficiency associated with inadequate vitamin B12 intake or intestinal malbsorption in swine and horses.
also notes need for medical supervision in coronary artery disease)
In many cases, switching from oral to intramuscular B12 circumvents absorption issues entirely, providing reliable therapeutic levels regardless of gastrointestinal factors or drug interactions