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Abbreviations AGE: Advanced glycation end products AZA: 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine ADRB1: Adrenoceptor beta 1 BRD4: Bromodomain containing 4 C group: Control group COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CS: Cigarette smoke CSE: Cigarette smoke extract CDS: Coding DNA sequence Cpt1a: Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a COX II: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II CDKN3: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3 ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase EXs: Exosomes EVs: Extracellular vesicles E group: Experiment group EndMT: Endothelial-to-mesenchymal FOXA2: Fork head box protein A2 FAO: Fatty acids H3K4me3: Tri-methylation of H3K4 H3R2me2a: Asymmetric di-methylation of histone H3 arginine 2 HPMECs: Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells HUVECs: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells HLMVECs: Human lung microvascular endothelial cells HPVECs: Human pulmonary vascular endothelial cell HPAECs: Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells ICS: Inhaled corticosteroid
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Men with diabetes are 3 times more likely to develop ED
Additionally, smoking has been associated with other negative impacts on male reproductive health, including decreased sperm count, sperm motility, and sperm morphology
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