nicotine less cigarettes TAAT Free Pack Splash Nicotine-Free Menthol

A 2011 study looked at the effect of the leachate filters on freshwater and marine fish, and found that the LC 50 (the concentration at which half the fish exposed would die) was approximately one cigarette butt/L for both the marine topsmelt ( Atherinops affinis ) and the freshwater fathead minnow ( Pimephales promelas ). Cigarette Filters are Killing Marine Worms Another study from 2015 has looked at how these filter fibers and the chemicals leached from them are affecting marine worms

Miller, president of 22nd Centurys tobacco business

Platt, Imperial Twilight: the Opium War and the End of China's Last Golden Age (NY: Knopf, 2018), 166-73

Can Vaping Make You Sick