Rather, progressive realization means that States parties have a specific and continuing obligation to move as expeditiously and effectively as possible towards the full realization of article 12.[209] Under the Covenant, the right to health includes an obligation on the state to prevent and reduce the populations exposure to harmful substances such as detrimental environmental conditions that directly or indirectly impact upon human health.[210] It also requires states to adopt measures against environmental and occupational health hazards and against any other threat as demonstrated by epidemiological data and to formulate and implement national policies aimed at reducing and eliminating pollution of air, water and soil.[211] States are further required to adopt appropriate legislative, administrative, budgetary, judicial, promotional and other measures towards the full realization of the right to health.[212] According to the committee, any state which is unwilling to use the maximum of its available resources for the realization of the right to health is in violation of its obligations under article 12 of the Covenant.[213] According to the committee, the failure to take appropriate steps towards the full realization of everyones right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health as well as the failure to enforce relevant laws would constitute violations of the Covenant.[214] Under the Covenant, not only are states to refrain from unlawfully polluting air, water, and soil, but they must also take measures to prevent pollution by third parties.[215] A states failure to take all necessary measure to safeguard persons within their jurisdiction from infringements of the right to health by third parties, the failure to regulate the activities of individuals, groups, or corporations so as to prevent them from violating the right to health of others also constitutes a violation, including the failure to enact or enforce laws to prevent the pollution of water, air and soil by extractive and manufacturing industries.[216] Furthermore, the committee has held that all victims of violations of the right to health should be entitled to adequate reparation, which may take the form of restitution, compensation, satisfaction or guarantees of non-repetition
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