Albumin is purified via ammonium sulfate precipitation by adjusting the concentration to 50% saturation and incubating for 24 h at 4 C, causing albumin to precipitate while other proteins remain soluble
Data was gathered on preoperative treatments (steroid injections, deep tissue massage, or both), the total number of CO 2 laser treatments each patient received, the total laser-treated surface area (Table 1), time of initial CTR, time from CTR to laser procedure, number of laser treatments, size of area treated, patient demographics (age, sex, ethnicity, comorbidities), patient-specific information (preoperative/postoperative medications, concomitant injuries, trialed treatments before laser treatment, upper extremity surgeries before laser treatment), patient-reported outcomes (PROs) (VAS pain scores, description of symptoms), and SCAR-Q (appearance, symptom, and psychosocial impact) (a 3-pronged survey that assesses patients feelings toward their scar)
Swab every stopper, every time, with a fresh alcohol pad
Together they create a complete healing environment that addresses both local damage and systemic factors that influence recovery