Indeed, scientific evidence has shown that smoking traditional cigarettes can determine chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases [2], interstitial lung diseases [3], cardiovascular diseases [4, 5], atherosclerosis [6], cerebrovascular strokes [7, 8], neurodegenerative diseases [9] such as Alzheimers disease [10], multiple sclerosis [11], and various kind of cancers [12]
Another protein, whose low levels have previously been linked to poor outcomes in cardiovascular disease [8], apoA4, was downregulated in the Non-Smokers Exposed group
Despite some inconsistencies, particularly among studies assessing respiratory disorders and suffering from methodological limitations and possible biases 30-33 , the findings from the reviewed studies indicate a growing body of evidence supporting the harmful effects of SHS on pets, with reported associations ranging from respiratory and cardiovascular alterations to neoplasms and biochemical markers of oxidative stress and inflammation
This shows the blatant disregard tobacco companies have for the long-term health of their customers