Triggers of elevated ceramide levels comprise hyperosmotic shock [122], secreted sphingomyelinases (SMases) during inflammation [125], sepsis [126] or severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [127], Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin [128], and platelet-activating factor [129]
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9040697 204 ScalesBSDicksonRPHuffnagleGB
In a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study examining the effects of Rhodiola on fatigue and stress, 161 patients aged 19 to 21 years received Rhodiola twice daily resulting in a significant reduction in fatigue
Other Ingredients: Purified Water, Citric Acid, Stevia Extract ( Stevia rebaudiana ), Certified Organic Peppermint Essential Oil ( Mentha piperita ), Sodium Citrate, Potassium Sorbate