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E N D Presentation Transcript Uppers, Downers & All Arounders Chapter 8 Drug Use and Prevention From Cradle to Grave PREVENTION Prevention Goals Reduce the Supply Reduce the Demand Reduce the Harm History Prohibition enacted in 1917 by 18th amendment and repealed in 1933 Popular belief was that Prohibition was ineffective However, it did reduce health problems, domestic violence, crime, and consumption There was increased legal costs and bootlegging increased PREVENTION Scare tactics and drug information often included in drug information programs Skill building and resiliency programs addresses the psychological roots of drug abuse by: General competency building Coping skills Reinforcement of protective factors & support systems Community-based programs are effective in getting entire neighborhoods to take responsibility for preventing substance abuse PREVENTION Public Health Model Three factors: User, environment, drug Prevention is designed to affect the user, environment and drug Addiction is a disease in User User contributes to the environment or social climate (neighborhood) The agent or drug introduces the disease Family Approach Prevention approach provides the family with support, skills training and therapy along with parenting skills PREVENTION METHODS Supply Reduction Legislative & legal Procedures Prison Asset Forfeiture Prison population tripled between 1980 and 2002 to 2 million 55% of federal inmates were sentenced for drug convictions Outcomes 10-15% reduction, yet is deemed expensive PREVENTION METHODS Demand Reduction Focuses on reducing demand for drugs Primary Prevention: anticipates and prevents initial drug use Mainly for young people Promote abstince Help young people to refuse drugs Delay drug use Encourage healthy activities Secondary Prevention Seeks to halt drug use once its begun Drug diversion programs (Drug Courts) First-time Offenders PREVENTION METHODS Tertiary prevention Stop Further Damage from Drugs and restore abusers to health Uses group interventions Extinction Family Therapy Psychopharmacological approaches Treatment results in 40-50% decrease in use Saves $4 - $5 for every $1 spent Harm Reduction Focuses on techniques to minimize personal and social problems of drug use, rather than abstinence as a primary goal Needle Exchange Methadone Maintenance Designated Driver Controversial to zero tolerance Cradle to Grave Small towns and rural areas use more drugs than urban communities Most significant change in drug culture is use of drugs occurring in earlier ages Drug use in pregnancy occurs in women of all ages, ethnicities and economic backgrounds 18.6% of infants exposed to alcohol Fetal alcohol syndrome 3rd most common birth defect and leading cause of mental retardation in U.S
These requirements can add compliance costs throughout the supply chain
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